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Ziphius cavirostris (Cuvier's beaked whale)

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Image credit: Garth Mix, GMIX Designs

Taxonomy & Nomenclature
Scientific Name Ziphius cavirostris
Taxonomic Rank Species
Original Description G. Cuvier, 1823
Scientific Synonyms (since 1950)
None.
Common Name
Cuvier's beaked whale
All Common Names English: goosebeak whale, goose-beaked whale, Cuvier's beaked whale
Spanish: Ballena-picuda de Couvier
Taxonomic Parents Kingdom: Animalia
  Phylum: Chordata
    Subphylum: Vertebrata
      Class: Mammalia
        Subclass: Theria
          Infraclass: Eutheria
            Order: Cetacea
              Suborder: Odontoceti
                Family: Ziphiidae
                  Genus: Ziphius
Taxonomic Children
Taxonomic # 180498
Taxonomic data is courtesy of the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Physical Description / Field Identification
Cuvier's beaked whales are relatively robust, as beaked whales go. They have a short, poorly-defined beak, a sloping forehead, and a mouthline that is upcurved at the rear. A pair of V-shaped throat grooves is present. A diagnostic feature is the slight concavity on the top of the head, which increases in detectability in older animals. A fluke notch is only sometimes present. The dorsal fin is small and falcate, and is set about two-thirds of the way back from the snout tip.

The body is dark gray to light rusty brown, with lighter areas around the head and belly. The head and much of the back of adult males can be completely white. Generally, adults are covered with light scratches and circular marks.

There is a single pair of forward-pointing conical teeth at the tip of the lower jaw; they generally erupt only in adult males and are exposed outside the closed mouth in large bulls.

Length at birth is about 2.7 m; adults reach 7.5 m (males) and 7 m (females). Maximum recorded weight is nearly 3000 kg.


Can be Confused With
This species is most likely to be confused with other beaked whales, especially species of Mesoplodon. The robust body, blunt head, and lighter coloration (especially around the head, and in adult males) may be sufficient to distinguish Cuvier's beaked whales, if visible. Whales of the genera Hyperoodon and Berardius are larger and have more bulbous foreheads and long tube-like snouts.

Distribution
Cuvier's beaked whales are widely distributed in offshore waters of all oceans, from the topics to the polarregions in both hemispheres. They probably have the most extensive range of any beaked whale species.
Links to Distribution Map at Sea Around Us Project

Map of OBIS-SEAMAP Data Points

Existing observations across multiple datasets within OBIS-SEAMAP are indicated with red points.
Species distributions (pink background polygon if present) were digitized by Kristin Kaschner as part of the Sea Around Us Project predominantly from Jefferson et al (1993).

Reference
Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood, and M.A. Webber. 1993. FAO species identification guide. Marine mammals of the world. Rome, FAO. 1993.320. p. 587 figs.

Ecology and Behavior
This species is the most cosmopolitan of the beaked whales, and is fairly common in certain areas, such as the eastern tropical Pacific. Dives of up to 40 minutes have been documented. Cuvier's beaked whales are found mostly in small groups of 2-7, but are not uncommonly seen alone.

Seasonality of calving is not known in this species. In general, Cuvier’s life history is very poorly-known.


Feeding and Prey
Cuvier's beaked whales, like all beaked whales, appear to prefer deep water. Although few stomach contents have been examined, they appear to feed mostly on deep-sea squid, but also take fish and some crustaceans.

Threats and Status
Never the main target of commercial whalers, Cuvier’s beaked whales have sometimes been taken in other fisheries. A few (3-35 per year) were taken in past years in the Baird’s beaked whale fishery off the coast of Japan. The only other threat that is known is the apparent mass strandings of Cuvier’s beaked whales that have resulted from Naval sonar tests, such as those occurring recently in the Bahamas, Caribbean, and the Mediterranean.

Data Deficient (IUCN); Not Listed (ESA).


References

HEYNING, J. E. 1989. Cuvier's beaked whale Ziphius cavirostris G. Cuvier, 1823. Pp. 289-308 in S. H. Ridgway and R. Harrison, eds. Handbook of marine mammals, Vol. 4 River dolphins and the larger toothed whales. Academic Press.

HEYNING, J. E. 2002. Cuvier's beaked whale Ziphius cavirostris. Pp. 305-307 in W. F. Perrin, B. Würsig and J. G. M. Thewissen, eds. Encyclopedia of marine mammals. Academic Press.

HOUSTON, J. 1991. Status of Cuvier's beaked whale, Ziphius cavirostris, in Canada. Canadian Field-Naturalist 105:215-218.


Relevant OBIS-SEAMAP Datasets (# sets: 53)
Alnitak Cetaceans and sea turtles surveys off Southern Spain
Bahamas Marine Mammal Research Organisation On-transect Sightings
Bahamas Marine Mammal Research Organisation Opportunistic Sightings
Bahamas Marine Mammal Research Organisation Strandings
BLM Cetacean and Turtle Assessment Program (CETAP) AIR Sightings
BLM Cetacean and Turtle Assessment Program (CETAP) OPP Sightings
BLM Cetacean and Turtle Assessment Program (CETAP) SHIP Sightings
Joint Deepwater Systematics and Marine Mammal Survey
Marine Mammal Abundance Survey - Leg 1
Marine Mammal Survey PE 95-02
MMS Central/Northern California High-altitude mammals
MMS Central/Northern California Low-altitude birds and mammals
MMS High Altitude Survey for Mammals, Southern California
MMS Low Altitude Survey for Mammals, Southern California
MMS Ship Transect Survey for Mammals and Seabirds, Southern California Bight
NEFSC 1995 AJ9501 (Part I)
NEFSC Mid-Atlantic Marine Mammal Abundance Survey 2004
NEFSC Survey 1998 1
NMML Small Cetacean (coastal) Aerial Survey 1998, Gulf of Alaska
NOAA Atlantic Cetacean Survey 1992; Sightings
NOAA Eastern Gulf of Mexico Marine Mammal Survey 1994; Sightings
NOAA Gulf of Mexico Marine Mammal Survey 1993 (S); Sightings
NOAA Gulf of Mexico Marine Mammal Survey 1994; Sightings
NOAA Oceanic Gulf of Mexico Cetacean Survey 1996; Sightings
NOAA Oceanic Gulf of Mexico Cetacean Survey 1997; Sightings
NOAA Oceanic Gulf of Mexico Cetacean Survey 1999; Sightings
NOAA Oceanic Gulf of Mexico Cetacean Survey 2000; Sightings
NOAA Oceanic Gulf of Mexico Cetacean Survey 2001; Sightings
NOAA Southeast Cetacean Aerial Survey 1995; Sightings
SEFSC Caribbean Survey 2000 (6)
Summer 2004 and Winter 2005 Cape Hatteras
SWFSC Cetacean Acoustic Detection and Dive Interval Studies (1601)
SWFSC Cetacean Sightings during a Marine Mammal Survey in the Eastern Tropical Pacific (1468)
SWFSC Cetacean Sightings during a Marine Mammal Survey in the Eastern Tropical Pacific (1508)
SWFSC Cetacean Sightings during a Marine Mammal Survey in the Eastern Tropical Pacific (1509)
SWFSC Marine Mammal Survey in the Eastern Tropical Pacific (1467)
SWFSC Marine Mammal Survey of the California Coast (1426)
SWFSC Marine Mammal Survey of the Eastern Tropical Pacific (1080)
SWFSC Marine Mammal Survey of the Eastern Tropical Pacific (1081)
SWFSC Marine Mammal Survey of the Eastern Tropical Pacific (1164)
SWFSC Marine Mammal Survey of the Eastern Tropical Pacific (1165)
SWFSC Marine Mammal Survey of the Eastern Tropical Pacific (1267)
SWFSC Marine Mammal Survey of the Eastern Tropical Pacific (1268)
SWFSC Marine Mammal Survey of the Eastern Tropical Pacific (1369)
SWFSC Marine Mammal Survey of the Eastern Tropical Pacific (1370)
SWFSC Marine Mammal Survey of the Eastern Tropical Pacific (989)
SWFSC Marine Mammal Survey of the Eastern Tropical Pacific (990)
SWFSC Oregon, California and Washington Line-Transect Experiment (Orcawale) (1604)
SWFSC Oregon, California and Washington Line-Transect Experiment (Orcawale) (1605)
UK NHM Stranded Whale Recording Scheme, UK & Eire 1970-1979
UK Royal Navy Marine Mammal Observations
UNCW Aerial Survey 98-99
UNCW Marine Mammal Sightings, Southeastern US 1998-1999

To get custom statistics or download the results as a CSV file, go to Observation Query & Summary

 

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