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<metadata xml:lang="en">
<idinfo>
	<citation>
		<citeinfo>
		<serinfo/><pubinfo/><edition>Version 1.0.0</edition></citeinfo>
	</citation><descript>
	<abstract>In 2012 we conducted an integrated ecological assessment of the marine environment of the Pitcairn Islands, which are four of the most remote islands in the world. The islands and atolls (Ducie, Henderson, Oeno, and Pitcairn) are situated in the central South Pacific, halfway between New Zealand and South America. We surveyed algae, corals, mobile invertebrates, and fishes at 97 sites between 5 and 30 m depth, and found 51 new records for algae, 23 for corals, and 15 for fishes. The structure of the ecological communities was correlated with age, isolation, and geomorphology of the four islands. Coral and algal assemblages were significantly different among islands with Ducie having the highest coral cover (56%) and Pitcairn dominated by erect macroalgae (42%). Fish biomass was dominated by top predators at Ducie (62% of total fish biomass) and at Henderson (35%). Herbivorous fishes dominated at Pitcairn, while Oeno showed a balanced fish trophic structure. We found high levels of regional endemism in the fish assemblages across the islands (45%), with the highest level observed at Ducie (56% by number). We conducted the first surveys of the deep habitats around the Pitcairn Islands using drop-cameras at 21 sites from depths of 78 to 1,585 m. We observed 57 fish species from the drop-cams, including rare species such as the false catshark (Pseudotriakis microdon) and several new undescribed species. In addition, we made observations of typically shallow reef sharks and other reef fishes at depths down to 300 m. Our findings highlight the uniqueness and high biodiversity value of the Pitcairn Islands as one of the least impacted in the Pacific, and suggest the need for immediate protection.</abstract><supplinf>This dataset was downloaded from OBIS (https://obis.org/). The records for only marine mammals, seabirds, sea turtles and rays and sharks were extracted. Records with no longitude/latitude or no date (eventDate) were excluded.
OBIS dataset page:
&lt;a target="_blank" href="https://obis.org/dataset/03579385-106b-4df9-9b61-393735989db2"&gt;https://obis.org/dataset/03579385-106b-4df9-9b61-393735989db2&lt;/a&gt;
Data Provider's dataset page:
&lt;a target="_blank" href="https://nzobisipt.niwa.co.nz/resource?r=pitcairn"&gt;https://nzobisipt.niwa.co.nz/resource?r=pitcairn&lt;/a&gt;</supplinf></descript><timeperd><timeinfo><rngdates><begdate>20120101</begdate><enddate>20120101</enddate></rngdates></timeinfo><current>ground condition</current></timeperd><status><progress>In work</progress><update>As needed</update></status><spdom><descgeog>Ocean</descgeog><bounding><westbc>-130.758</westbc><eastbc>-124.8</eastbc><northbc>-23.931</northbc><southbc>-25.078</southbc></bounding>
	</spdom><keywords><theme><themekt>None</themekt><themekey>Marine Biology</themekey></theme></keywords><taxonomy><keywtax><taxonkt>Taxon covered</taxonkt><taxonkey>Rays and sharks</taxonkey></keywtax><taxonsys><classsys><classcit><citeinfo><origin>Integrated Taxonomic Information System</origin><pubdate>Unknown</pubdate><title>Integrated Taxonomic Information System</title><geoform>Not applicable</geoform><othercit>Downloaded April, 2004</othercit><onlink>http://www.itis.usda.gov/</onlink></citeinfo></classcit></classsys><ider><cntinfo><cntperp><cntper>Refer to the contact information of the dataset</cntper><cntorg>Refer to the contact information of the dataset</cntorg></cntperp><cntaddr><addrtype>mailing and physical address</addrtype><address>Refer to the contact information of the dataset</address><city>Refer to the contact information of the dataset</city><state>Refer to the contact information of the dataset</state><postal>Refer to the contact information of the dataset</postal><country>Refer to the contact information of the dataset</country></cntaddr><cntvoice>Not provided</cntvoice></cntinfo></ider><taxonpro>Identified by observers or researchers conducting the survey</taxonpro></taxonsys><taxoncl><taxonrn>Kingdom</taxonrn><taxonrv>Animalia</taxonrv><taxoncl><taxonrn>Phylum</taxonrn><taxonrv>Chordata</taxonrv><taxoncl><taxonrn>Subphylum</taxonrn><taxonrv>Vertebrata</taxonrv><taxoncl><taxonrn>Class</taxonrn><taxonrv>Chondrichthyes</taxonrv><taxoncl><taxonrn>Subclass</taxonrn><taxonrv>Elasmobranchii</taxonrv><taxoncl><taxonrn>Superorder</taxonrn><taxonrv>Euselachii</taxonrv><taxoncl><taxonrn>Order</taxonrn><taxonrv>Myliobatiformes</taxonrv><taxoncl><taxonrn>Family</taxonrn><taxonrv>Myliobatidae</taxonrv><taxoncl><taxoncl><taxonrn>Species</taxonrn><taxonrv>Aetobatus narinari</taxonrv></taxoncl></taxoncl></taxoncl></taxoncl><taxoncl><taxonrn>Order</taxonrn><taxonrv>Carcharhiniformes</taxonrv><taxoncl><taxonrn>Family</taxonrn><taxonrv>Carcharhinidae</taxonrv><taxoncl><taxoncl><taxonrn>Species</taxonrn><taxonrv>Carcharhinus falciformis</taxonrv></taxoncl></taxoncl></taxoncl></taxoncl></taxoncl></taxoncl></taxoncl></taxoncl></taxoncl></taxoncl></taxonomy>
	<accconst>Public.</accconst>
	<useconst>1. Not to use data obtained from OBIS-SEAMAP in any publication, product, or commercial application without proper attribution to the original data provider(s) and OBIS-SEAMAP unless the datasets are explicitly shown under the CC0 policy. Citations or credits are suggested as attribution. If the data you downloaded come from multiple datasets, a citation or credit to each of the datasets is required.

Suggested citation for this dataset:

Friedlander, A. 2020. The Real Bounty: Marine Biodiversity in the Pitcairn Islands. Data downloaded from OBIS-SEAMAP (http://seamap.env.duke.edu/dataset/103152338) on yyyy-mm-dd and originated from OBIS (https://obis.org/dataset/03579385-106b-4df9-9b61-393735989db2)



Suggested citation for OBIS-SEAMAP:

Halpin, P.N., A.J. Read, E. Fujioka, B.D. Best, B. Donnelly, L.J. Hazen, C. Kot, K. Urian, E. LaBrecque, A. Dimatteo, J. Cleary, C. Good, L.B. Crowder, and K.D. Hyrenbach. 2009. OBIS-SEAMAP: The world data center for marine mammal, sea bird, and sea turtle distributions. Oceanography 22(2):104-115

2. To forward the citation of any publication / report that made use of the data / tools provided by OBIS-SEAMAP for inclusion in our list of references.

3. Not to hold OBIS-SEAMAP or the original data providers liable for errors in the data. While we have made every effort to ensure the quality of the database, we cannot guarantee the accuracy of these datasets. 

4. The burden for determining fitness for use of the downloaded data for any analyses lies entirely with the user. OBIS-SEAMAP or the original data providers do not support outcomes of your analyses that used the data you downloaded from OBIS-SEAMAP.

5. To consider inclusion of the accompanying transect (effort) dataset if available into the methodology of your analyses.

6. Not to redistribute the data you downloaded from OBIS-SEAMAP through any media without contect from OBIS-SEAMAP and the original data providers unless the datasets are explicitly shown under the CC0 policy.</useconst>
	<ptcontac>
		<cntinfo>
			<cntperp><cntper>Alan Friedlander; Kevin Mackay</cntper><cntorg>Fisheries Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Hawaii; NIWA</cntorg></cntperp>
			<cntaddr>
				<addrtype>mailing and physical address</addrtype>
			<address>n/a; n/a</address><city>n/a; n/a</city><state>n/a; n/a</state><postal>n/a; n/a</postal><country>n/a; n/a</country></cntaddr>
		<cntvoice>n/a; n/a</cntvoice><cntemail>alan.friedlander@hawaii.edu; n/a</cntemail></cntinfo>
	</ptcontac><datacred>OBIS and SWP OBIS</datacred>
	<native>Relational database</native>
	<crossref><citeinfo><origin>Friedlander AM, Caselle JE, Ballesteros E, Brown EK, Turchik A, Sala E (2017): The Real Bounty: Marine Biodiversity in the Pitcairn Islands</origin><title>OBIS-SEAMAP: The world data center for marine mammal, sea bird, and sea turtle distributions</title><geoform>vector digital data</geoform></citeinfo></crossref></idinfo>
	<dataqual>
		<attracc>
			<attraccr>All attributes were measured and recorded during the survey and validated by the data provider.</attraccr></attracc>
		<logic>Permissible values for date and time and coordinates were validated by the data provider and the OBIS-SEAMAP data manager. Species identification by the data provider was matched with Integrated Taxonomic Information System.</logic>
		<complete>All observation records are included.</complete><lineage><procstep><procdesc>Data were put through the OBIS-SEAMAP data registration steps.</procdesc><procdate>20200526</procdate></procstep></lineage></dataqual><spdoinfo><direct>Point</direct></spdoinfo><spref><horizsys><geograph>
				<latres>1e-06</latres><longres>1e-06</longres><geogunit>Decimal degrees</geogunit></geograph>
			<geodetic><horizdn>D_WGS_1984</horizdn><ellips>WGS_1984</ellips>
				<semiaxis>6378137.000000</semiaxis><denflat>298.257224</denflat></geodetic></horizsys></spref>

<eainfo><detailed><enttyp><enttypl>Biogeographic data</enttypl><enttypd>Biogeographic data</enttypd><enttypds>Not applicable</enttypds></enttyp><attr><attrlabl>oid</attrlabl><attrdef>Internal ID</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv><udom>Internal ID</udom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>id</attrlabl><attrdef>Record ID</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv><udom>Record ID</udom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>dataset_id</attrlabl><attrdef>Dataset ID</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv><udom>Dataset ID</udom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>scientificname</attrlabl><attrdef>Scientific name</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv><udom>Scientific name</udom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>vernacularname</attrlabl><attrdef>Vernacular name</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv><udom>Vernacular name</udom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>aphiaid</attrlabl><attrdef>Aphia ID</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv><udom>Aphia ID</udom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>taxonrank</attrlabl><attrdef>taxononic rank</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv><udom>taxononic rank</udom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>individualcount</attrlabl><attrdef>Group size / individual count</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv><udom>Group size / individual count</udom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>eventdate</attrlabl><attrdef>Event date (precision varies)</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv><udom>Event date (precision varies)</udom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>eventtime</attrlabl><attrdef>Event time</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv><udom>Event time</udom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>decimallatitude</attrlabl><attrdef>Latitude in decimal degrees</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv><udom>Latitude in decimal degrees</udom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>decimallongitude</attrlabl><attrdef>Longitude in decimal degrees</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv><udom>Longitude in decimal degrees</udom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>coordinateprecision</attrlabl><attrdef>Coordinate precision</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv><udom>Coordinate precision</udom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>catalognumber</attrlabl><attrdef>Catalog number</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv><udom>Catalog number</udom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>collectioncode</attrlabl><attrdef>Collection code</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv><udom>Collection code</udom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>occurrencestatus</attrlabl><attrdef>Occurrence status</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv><udom>Occurrence status</udom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>basisofrecord</attrlabl><attrdef>Basis of record (HumanObservation / MachineObservation)</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv><udom>Basis of record (HumanObservation / MachineObservation)</udom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>modified</attrlabl><attrdef>Date/time the record was modified</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv><udom>Date/time the record was modified</udom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>node_id</attrlabl><attrdef>Node ID</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv><udom>Node ID</udom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>occurrenceid</attrlabl><attrdef>Occurrence ID</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv><udom>Occurrence ID</udom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>occurrenceremarks</attrlabl><attrdef>Occurrence remarks</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv><udom>Occurrence remarks</udom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>eventid</attrlabl><attrdef>Event ID</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv><udom>Event ID</udom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>institutioncode</attrlabl><attrdef>Institution code</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv><udom>Institution code</udom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>lifestage</attrlabl><attrdef>Life stage</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv><udom>Life stage</udom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>sex</attrlabl><attrdef>Gender of the animal if known</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv><udom>Gender of the animal if known</udom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>species</attrlabl><attrdef>Species by provider</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv><udom>Species by provider</udom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>datasetid</attrlabl><attrdef>Dataset ID by provider</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv><udom>Dataset ID by provider</udom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>country</attrlabl><attrdef>Country</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv><udom>Country</udom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>locality</attrlabl><attrdef>Location of ocean</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv><udom>Location of ocean</udom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>waterbody</attrlabl><attrdef>Details of ocean</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv><udom>Details of ocean</udom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>dropped</attrlabl><attrdef>Flag indicating the record was dropped (always false)</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv><udom>Flag indicating the record was dropped (always false)</udom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>absence</attrlabl><attrdef>Flag indicating the record represents the absence of the species (always false)</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv><udom>Flag indicating the record represents the absence of the species (always false)</udom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>marine</attrlabl><attrdef>Flag indicating the record is for marine life (always true)</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv><udom>Flag indicating the record is for marine life (always true)</udom></attrdomv></attr></detailed><overview><eaover>This section explains attributes included in the original dataset.
OBIS-SEAMAP restricts the attributes available to the public to date/time, lat/lon and species names/counts only.
Should you need other attributes described here, you are encouraged to contact the data provider.</eaover><eadetcit>Alan Friedlander, Fisheries Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Hawaii</eadetcit></overview>
	</eainfo><distinfo>
	<distrib>
		<cntinfo>
			<cntorgp>
				<cntorg>Nicholas School of Environment, Duke University</cntorg>
				<cntper>OBIS-SEAMAP</cntper>
			</cntorgp>
			<cntaddr>
				<addrtype>mailing and physical address</addrtype>
				<address>A328, LSRC</address><city>Durham</city><state>NC</state><postal>27708</postal><country>USA</country>
			</cntaddr>
			<cntvoice>919-613-8021</cntvoice>
			<cntemail>seamap-contact@duke.edu</cntemail>
		</cntinfo>
	</distrib><resdesc>OBIS-SEAMAP Dataset ID 103152338</resdesc><distliab>Not to hold OBIS-SEAMAP liable for errors in the data. While we have made every effort to ensure the quality of the database, we cannot guarantee the accuracy of these datasets.
Also please refer to Use Constraints.
</distliab>
	<stdorder>
		<digform>
			<digtinfo>
				<formname>CSV and ESRI shapefile</formname></digtinfo>
			<digtopt>
				<onlinopt>
					<computer>
						<networka>
							<networkr>OBIS-SEAMAP</networkr>
						</networka>
					</computer>
				</onlinopt>
			</digtopt>
		</digform>
		<fees>Free</fees>
		<ordering>Go to the OBIS-SEAMAP web site.</ordering>
	</stdorder>
	

	
</distinfo><metainfo>
	<metd>20200702</metd><metrd>20200702</metrd><metc>
		<cntinfo><cntperp>
	<cntper>Ei Fujioka</cntper>
	<cntorg>Nicholas School, Duke University</cntorg></cntperp><cntaddr><addrtype>mailing and physical address</addrtype><address>A328, LSRC</address><city>Durham</city><state>NC</state><postal>27708</postal><country>USA</country></cntaddr>
			<cntvoice>919-613-8021</cntvoice>
			<cntemail>seamap-contact@duke.edu</cntemail>
			</cntinfo>
	</metc><metstdn>FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata</metstdn><metstdv>FGDC-STD-001-1998</metstdv><mettc>local time</mettc>
	
	
	
	
	<metextns><onlink>http://www.nbii.gov/</onlink><metprof>Biological Data Profile</metprof></metextns>
	
	</metainfo>
	
</metadata>
