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    <alternateIdentifier>https://obis.org/dataset/ff972223-5015-4ea6-bafa-6dd05d3f4f13</alternateIdentifier>
    <title xml:lang="eng">NMML Harbor Porpoise Aerial Survey, SE Alaska, Replicate 2, 1993</title>
    <creator>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Janice</givenName>
        <surName>Waite</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>National Marine Mammal Laboratory</organizationName>
      <positionName>Primary contact</positionName>
      <electronicMailAddress>Janice.Waite@noaa.gov</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl/>
    </creator>
    <metadataProvider>
      <individualName>
        <surName>OBIS-SEAMAP</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab, Duke University</organizationName>
      <positionName/>
      <address>
        <deliveryPoint>A328 LSRC building</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Durham</city>
        <administrativeArea>NC</administrativeArea>
        <postalCode>27708</postalCode>
        <country>US</country>
      </address>
      <electronicMailAddress>seamap-contact@duke.edu</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl>https://seamap.env.duke.edu</onlineUrl>
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      <individualName>
        <surName>OBIS-SEAMAP</surName>
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      <organizationName>Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab, Duke University</organizationName>
      <positionName/>
      <address>
        <deliveryPoint>A328 LSRC building</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Durham</city>
        <administrativeArea>NC</administrativeArea>
        <postalCode>27708</postalCode>
        <country>US</country>
      </address>
      <electronicMailAddress>seamap-contact@duke.edu</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl>https://seamap.env.duke.edu</onlineUrl>
      <role>distributor</role>
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    <associatedParty>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Janice</givenName>
        <surName>Waite</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>National Marine Mammal Laboratory</organizationName>
      <positionName>Primary contact</positionName>
      <electronicMailAddress>Janice.Waite@noaa.gov</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl/>
      <role>owner</role>
    </associatedParty>
    <pubDate>2025-09-11</pubDate>
    <language>eng</language>
    <abstract>
      <para>Original provider:
National Marine Mammal Laboratory

Dataset credits:
National Marine Mammal Laboratory

Abstract:
On 1 to 26 June 1993, as part of a larger study, Alaska harbor porpoise (&lt;i&gt;Phocoena phocoena&lt;/i&gt;) abundance was investigated during an aerial survey from Prince William Sound to Dixon Entrance. Employing a Twin Otter as the survey platform, the second of three identical sawtooth tracklines was flown at an altitude of 152.2 m (500 ft) and at an airspeed of 185 km/h. Line-transect methodology was used, and only those observations made during optimal conditions were analyzed. Density of harbor porpoises was calculated using line transect estimates based on perpendicular distances of sightings to the cruise track of the airplane. On average, porpoise group size and density from Prince William Sound to Dixon Entrance was 1.22 (SE = 0.04) and 4.02 groups/100 km2 (SE = 7.42).
</para>
    </abstract>
    <keywordSet>
      <keyword>Occurrence</keyword>
      <keywordThesaurus>GBIF Dataset Type Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_type.xml</keywordThesaurus>
    </keywordSet>
    <keywordSet>
      <keyword>Observation</keyword>
      <keywordThesaurus>GBIF Dataset Subtype Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_subtype.xml</keywordThesaurus>
    </keywordSet>
    <keywordSet>
      <keyword>Marine Biology</keyword>
      <keyword>Visual sighting</keyword>
      <keyword>Aircraft</keyword>
      <keyword>Sightings</keyword>
      <keyword>harbor porpoise</keyword>
      <keyword>Phocoena phocoena</keyword>
      <keyword>abundance</keyword>
      <keyword>aerial survey</keyword>
      <keyword>marine mammal survey</keyword>
      <keyword>survey</keyword>
      <keyword>marine mammal</keyword>
      <keyword>cetacean</keyword>
      <keywordThesaurus>N/A</keywordThesaurus>
    </keywordSet>
    <additionalInfo>
      <!-- Added for IPT2.3 on 2016-02-29. This field should include words "marine, harvested by iOBIS" for IPT -->
      <para>This dataset and associated effort data were updated on September 8, 2005. Those who downloaded them before that date should renew them.</para>
    </additionalInfo>
    <intellectualRights>
      <!-- Added for IPT2.3 on 2015-11-18 . TextType -->
      <para>This work is licensed under a <ulink url="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode"><citetitle>Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC-BY-NC) 4.0 License</citetitle></ulink>.</para>
    </intellectualRights>
    <distribution scope="document">
      <online>
        <url function="information">https://seamap.env.duke.edu/dataset/140</url>
      </online>
    </distribution>
    <coverage>
      <geographicCoverage>
        <geographicDescription>Oceans,Southeast Alaska</geographicDescription>
        <boundingCoordinates>
          <westBoundingCoordinate>-147.17217</westBoundingCoordinate>
          <eastBoundingCoordinate>-132.32733</eastBoundingCoordinate>
          <northBoundingCoordinate>60.33967</northBoundingCoordinate>
          <southBoundingCoordinate>54.40383</southBoundingCoordinate>
        </boundingCoordinates>
      </geographicCoverage>
      <temporalCoverage>
        <rangeOfDates>
          <beginDate>
            <calendarDate>1993-06-02</calendarDate>
          </beginDate>
          <endDate>
            <calendarDate>1993-06-26</calendarDate>
          </endDate>
        </rangeOfDates>
      </temporalCoverage>
      <taxonomicCoverage>
        <generalTaxonomicCoverage>Scientific names are based on the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).</generalTaxonomicCoverage>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Balaenoptera physalus</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Fin whale</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>order</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Cetacea</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Cetaceans</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Megaptera novaeangliae</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Humpback whale</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Orcinus orca</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Killer whale</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Phocoena phocoena</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Harbor porpoise</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Phocoenoides dalli</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Dall's porpoise</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
      </taxonomicCoverage>
    </coverage>
    <purpose>
      <para>Although harbor porpoises, &lt;i&gt;Phocoena phocoena&lt;/i&gt;, are known to occur throughout Alaska waters, few estimates of abundance exist. In 1991, the National Marine Mammal Laboratory initiated a 3 year study on Alaska harbor porpoises. The objectives of this program were to: &lt;br&gt;
1) Obtain minimum population estimates in coastal waters using line transect methodology with a coefficient of variation for density estimates of less than 30% for each survey area, and &lt;br&gt;
2) Establish a baseline for detecting changes in abundance through time, for analysis of trends. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
During the present study, it was not fiscally possible to survey all areas of the state in any one year. Accordingly, we selected sections of the state to survey in consecutive years to maximize the likelihood of including all of the animals for a particular area surveyed while minimizing the likelihood of significant movement between areas among survey years.</para>
    </purpose>
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Available options for maintenanceUpdateFrequency
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      <description>
        <para/>
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      <maintenanceUpdateFrequency>notPlanned</maintenanceUpdateFrequency>
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    <contact>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Janice</givenName>
        <surName>Waite</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>National Marine Mammal Laboratory</organizationName>
      <positionName>Primary contact</positionName>
      <electronicMailAddress>Janice.Waite@noaa.gov</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl/>
    </contact>
    <methods>
      <methodStep>
        <description>
          <para>NA</para>
        </description>
      </methodStep>
      <sampling>
        <studyExtent>
          <description>
            <para>NA</para>
          </description>
        </studyExtent>
        <samplingDescription>
          <para>NA</para>
        </samplingDescription>
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    </methods>
    <project>
      <title>NMML Harbor Porpoise Aerial Survey, SE Alaska, Replicate 2, 1993</title>
      <personnel>
        <individualName>
          <givenName>Janice</givenName>
          <surName>Waite</surName>
        </individualName>
        <role>owner</role>
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      <funding>
        <para>NA</para>
      </funding>
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      </studyAreaDescription>
      <designDescription>
        <description>
          <para/>
        </description>
      </designDescription>
    </project>
    <shortName>zd_140</shortName>
  </dataset>
  <additionalMetadata>
    <metadata>
      <gbif>
        <dateStamp>2025-09-11T12:24:33-04:00</dateStamp>
        <hierarchyLevel>dataset</hierarchyLevel>
        <citation identifier="https://doi.org/10.82144/6e251322">Waite, J. 2025. NMML Harbor Porpoise Aerial Survey, SE Alaska, Replicate 2, 1993. Version 1.7.0. Dataset published in OBIS-SEAMAP. https://doi.org/10.82144/6e251322.</citation>
        <bibliography>
          <citation identifier="http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1173&amp;context=usdeptcommercepub">Dahlheim, M., A. York, R. Towell, J. Waite, and J. Breiwick. 2000. Harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) abundance in Alaska: Bristol Bay to southeast Alaska, 1991-1993. Marine Mammal Science16(1):28-45. </citation>
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          <distribution>
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              <url function="download">https://seamap.env.duke.edu/dataset/140</url>
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