Fox, CH, Huettmann, F, Harvey, GKA, Morgan, KH, Robinson, J, Williams, R, Paquet, PC2017Marine Ecology Progress Series566:199-216http://www.int-res.com/articles/meps_oa/m566p199.pdf Associated publication abstract: Increasingly disrupted and altered, the world's oceans are subject to immense and intensifying anthropogenic pressures. Of the biota inhabiting these ecosystems, marine birds are among the most threatened. For conservation efforts targeting marine birds to be effective, quantitative information relating to their at-sea density and distribution is typically a crucial knowledge component. In this study, we generated predictive machine learning ensemble models for 13 marine bird species and 7 groups (representing 24 additional species) in Canada's Pacific coast waters, including several species listed under Canada's Species at Risk Act. Predictive models were based on systematic marine bird line transect survey information collected in spring, summer, and fall on Canada's Pacific coast (2005−2008). Multiple Covariate Distance Sampling (MCDS) was used to estimate marine bird density along transect segments. Spatial and temporal environmental predictors, including remote sensing information, were used in model ensembles, which were constructed using 4 machine learning algorithms in Salford Systems Predictive Modeler v7.0 (SPM7): Random Forests, TreeNet, Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines, and Classification and Regression Trees. Predictive models were subsequently combined to generate seasonal and overall predictions of areas important to marine birds based on normalized marine bird species or group richness and densities. Our results employ open access data sharing and are intended to better inform marine bird conservation efforts and management planning on Canada's Pacific coast and for broader-scale geographic initiatives across North America and elsewhere.Please contact data providerMarine bird line-transect survey information collected using Distance Sampling in coastal British Columbia, Canada (2005-2008) is provided in three forms: (1) raw, unadjusted marine bird sightings; (2) for a subset of species, marine bird density estimates along 1km transect segments using Multiple Covariates Distance Sampling (MCDS), and; (3) for a subset of species, surface density estimates per ~14km2 hexagon using machine learning ensemble modeling. For data products 2 and 3, the marine bird subsets were restricted to species sighted in sufficient numbers for analysis. Surveys were completed by Raincoast Conservation Foundation. 1. Raw data: raw, unadjusted sighting of marine bird species on water and in flight. Attributes such as column labels are included in the attributes definition section. Note that several species alpha codes are non-standard, due to grouping of species identifications (e.g., large gulls and dark shearwaters). ANMU = Ancient Murrelet ANMUf = Ancient Murrelet family (varying #s of parents and chicks, or just chicks) BAEA = Bald Eagle BEKI = Belted Kingfisher BFAL = Black-footed Albatross BLKI = Black-legged Kittiwake BLOY = Black Oystercatcher BLSC = Black Scoter BLTU = Black Turnstone BOGU = Bonaparte's Gull BRAC = Brandt's Cormorant BRAN = Brant Goose BUFF = Bufflehead Duck BULS = Buller's Shearwater CAAU = Cassin's Auklet CAGU = California Gull CANG = Canada Goose COLO = Common Loon COME = Common Merganser COMU = Common Murre COMUf = Common Murre family (parent with chick, or just chicks) CORA = Common Raven DARK = Sooty Shearwater, Short-tailed Shearwater, Flesh-footed Shearwater DCCO = Double-crested Cormorant DEJU = Dark-eyed Junco DUNL = Dunlin FTSP = Fork-tailed Storm Petrel GBHE = Great Blue Heron GWGU = Glaucous-winged Gull HADU = Harlequin Duck HETHGU = Herring Gull/Thayer's Gull HOGR = Horned Grebe HOPU = Horned Puffin LAAL = Laysan Albatross LEFTSP = mixed flock Fork-tailed and Leach's Storm-petrels LESP = Leach's Storm Petrel LTDU = Longtail Duck LTJA = Long-tailed Jaeger MALL = Mallard Duck MAMU = Marbled Murrelet MEGU = Mew Gull NOCR = Northwestern Crow NOFU = Northern Fulmar NSHO = Northern Shoveler OSPR = Osprey PAJA = Parasitic Jaeger PALO = Pacific Loon PECO = Pelagic Cormorant PFSH = Pink-footed Shearwater PIGU = Pigeon Guillemot POJA = Pomarine Jaeger RBME = Red-breasted Merganser RHAU = Rhinoceros Auklet RNGR = Red-necked Grebe RNPH = Red-necked Phalarope RTLO = Red-throated Loon RUHU = Rufous Hummingbird SAGU = Sabine's Gull SNGO = Snow Goose STAL = Short-tailed Albatross SUSC = Surf Scoter THGU = Thayer's Gull TOWA = Townsend's Warbler TRES = Tree Swallow TUPU = Tufted Puffin TUPUf = Tufted Puffin family (parent with chick) WEGR = Western Grebe WEGU = Western Gull WHIM = Whimbrel WWSC = White-winged Scoter YBLO = Yellow-billed Loon UNAL = Unidentified Alcid UNCO = Unidentified cormorant UNDU = Unidentified ducks in the distance UNGE = Unidentified Geese in the distance UNGO = Unidentified Goldeneye UNGR = Unidentified Grebe ULGU = Unidentified Larus Gull UNJA = Unidentified Jaeger UNLO = Unidentified Loon UNSO = Unidentified Scoter UNSW = Unidentified Shearwater UNSH = Unidentified Shorebirds UNST = Unidentified Storm-petrel UNTE = Unidentified Tern UNTU = Unidentified Turnstone 2. Marine bird density estimates along 1km transect segments using Multiple Covariates Distance Sampling (MCDS). Note that several species alpha codes are non-standard, due to grouping of species identifications (e.g., large gulls and dark shearwaters). ANMU = Ancient Murrelet BFAL = Black-footed Albatross CAAU = Cassin's Auklet COMU = Common Murre CORM = Cormorants (Brandt's, Double-crested, Pelagic) DARK = Dark shearwaters (Flesh-footed, Short-tailed, Sooty) FTSP = Fork-tailed Storm-petrel GREB = Grebes (Horned, Red-necked, Western) LESP = Leach's Storm-petrel lgGULL = large Larus spp. gulls (California, Glaucous-winged, American, Thayer's) LOON = Loons (Yellow-billed, Common, Red-throated, Pacific) MAMU = Marbled Murrelet NOFU = Northern Fulmar PFSH = Pink-footed Shearwater PIGU = Pigeon Guillemot RHAU = Rhinoceros Auklet RNPH = Red=necked Phalarope SCOT = Scoters (Black, White-winged, Surf) smGULL = small gulls (Black-legged Kittiwake, Bonaparte's, Mew, Sabine's) TUPU = Tufted Puffin Field names represent, using ANMU and BFAL as the examples: - first few fields represent summary fields (i.e., FID, Shape) - SEGID = unique line transect segment ID. Can use this field to join across species files. - VOYAGE = On planned transect (T) or on passage (P), which are unplanned transects. - SPEED = vessel speed (knts). - MO = Month, numeric (1-12). - SegLength = Segment length. Most should = 1 km, but shorter segments have been retained. - Season = Spring (april, may, june), Summer (August), Fall (October, November). - Point_X and Point_Y = x and y coordinates using BC Albers. - Effort = Same as SegLength. - DATE = year-month-day. - YEAR = year. - DAY_YR = Day of the year, beginning with with January 1 = 1. - AREA = Segment length (km) X perpendicular distance (km) from boat for that particular species (unit = km2; identified using MCDS Distance Analysis). - ANMUw_D (all other examples BIRDw_D) = estimated density of Ancient Murrelets along the transect segment (including family groups, see below). Lowercase "w" = birds on water. - ANMUf_D = exception for ANMU family groups. Lowercase "f" = family groups on water (parent(s) with flightless chicks or flightless chicks alone). - BFALs_D (all other examples BIRDs_D) = estimated density of Black-footed ALbatrosses along the transect segment. Lowercase "s" = birds in flight. Note that flying bird density estimates should be used and interpreted with caution. 3. Density estimations per hexagon (approx. 14km2): Shape file name represents the bird species (e.g., ANMU = Ancient Murrelet) plus "w" (w = density estimates of birds on water only) or "sw" (sw = density estimates of combination of birds in flight and on water). Note that several species alpha codes are non-standard, due to grouping of species identifications (e.g., large gulls and dark shearwaters). ANMU = Ancient Murrelet BFAL = Black-footed Albatross CAAU = Cassin's Auklet COMU = Common Murre CORM = Cormorants (Brandt's, Double-crested, Pelagic) DARK = Dark shearwaters (Flesh-footed, Short-tailed, Sooty) FTSP = Fork-tailed Storm-petrel GREB = Grebes (Horned, Red-necked, Western) LESP = Leach's Storm-petrel lgGULL = large Larus spp. gulls (California, Glaucous-winged, American, Thayer's) LOON = Loons (Yellow-billed, Common, Red-throated, Pacific) MAMU = Marbled Murrelet NOFU = Northern Fulmar PFSH = Pink-footed Shearwater PIGU = Pigeon Guillemot RHAU = Rhinoceros Auklet RNPH = Red=necked Phalarope SCOT = Scoters (Black, White-winged, Surf) smGULL = small gulls (Black-legged Kittiwake, Bonaparte's, Mew, Sabine's) TUPU = Tufted Puffin Field names represent, using ANMUw as the example: - first few ields represent summary fields (i.e., FID, Shape and Id) - HexagonID = unique hexagon cell ID. Can use this field to join across species files. - X_coord and Y_Coord = should be self explanatory. - spr_ANMUw = estimated Ancient Murrelet on water density estimates (birds/km2) in spring (April 2007, May 2007, June 2008) - sum_ANMUw = same as above, except in summer (August 2005, 2006 and 2008) - fal_ANMUw = same as above, except in fall (October and November 2007) - ANMUw_AnAv = average across spring, summer, and fall density estimates2005080520080829ground conditionCompleteNone plannedBritish Columbia-133.074844-126.77571954.71153350.558937 NoneMarine Animal SurveyMarine BiologySeabirdsVisual SightingVesselNoneBritish ColumbiaCanadaTaxon coveredseabirdsIntegrated Taxonomic Information SystemUnknownNot applicableDownloaded April, 2004http://www.itis.usda.gov/Refer to the contact information of the datasetRefer to the contact information of the datasetmailing and physical address

Refer to the contact information of the dataset

Refer to the contact information of the datasetRefer to the contact information of the datasetRefer to the contact information of the datasetRefer to the contact information of the datasetNot providedIdentified by observers or researchers conducting the surveyKingdomAnimaliaPhylumChordataSubphylumVertebrataClassAvesOrderCharadriiformesFamilyAlcidaeGenusBrachyramphusSpeciesBrachyramphus marmoratusGenusCepphusSpeciesCepphus columbaGenusCerorhincaSpeciesCerorhinca monocerataGenusFraterculaSpeciesFratercula cirrhataSpeciesFratercula corniculataGenusPtychoramphusSpeciesPtychoramphus aleuticusGenusSynthliboramphusSpeciesSynthliboramphus antiquusGenusUriaSpeciesUria aalgeFamilyLaridaeGenusChroicocephalusSpeciesChroicocephalus philadelphiaGenusLarusSpeciesLarus californicusSpeciesLarus canusSpeciesLarus glaucescensGenusRissaSpeciesRissa tridactylaGenusXemaSpeciesXema sabiniFamilyStercorariidaeGenusStercorariusSpeciesStercorarius longicaudusSpeciesStercorarius parasiticusSpeciesStercorarius pomarinusOrderProcellariiformesFamilyProcellariidaeGenusFulmarusSpeciesFulmarus glacialisGenusPuffinusSpeciesPuffinus bulleriSpeciesPuffinus creatopusFamilyHydrobatidaeGenusHydrobatesSpeciesHydrobates furcatusSpeciesHydrobates leucorhousFamilyDiomedeidaeGenusPhoebastriaSpeciesPhoebastria albatrusSpeciesPhoebastria immutabilisSpeciesPhoebastria nigripesOrderAnseriformesFamilyAnatidaeSubfamilyAnatinaeGenusMelanittaSpeciesMelanitta fuscaSpeciesMelanitta nigraSpeciesMelanitta perspicillataOrderSuliformesFamilyPhalacrocoracidaeGenusPhalacrocoraxSpeciesPhalacrocorax auritusSpeciesPhalacrocorax pelagicusSpeciesPhalacrocorax penicillatus Open public unless otherwise noted. See Use Constraints for details. 1. Not to use data obtained from OBIS-SEAMAP in any publication, product, or commercial application without proper attribution to the original data provider(s) and OBIS-SEAMAP unless the datasets are explicitly shown under the CC0 policy. Citations or credits are suggested as attribution. If the data you downloaded come from multiple datasets, a citation or credit to each of the datasets is required. Suggested citation for this dataset: Suggested citation for OBIS-SEAMAP: Halpin, P.N., A.J. Read, E. Fujioka, B.D. Best, B. Donnelly, L.J. Hazen, C. Kot, K. Urian, E. LaBrecque, A. Dimatteo, J. Cleary, C. Good, L.B. Crowder, and K.D. Hyrenbach. 2009. OBIS-SEAMAP: The world data center for marine mammal, sea bird, and sea turtle distributions. Oceanography 22(2):104-115 2. To forward the citation of any publication / report that made use of the data / tools provided by OBIS-SEAMAP for inclusion in our list of references. 3. Not to hold OBIS-SEAMAP or the original data providers liable for errors in the data. While we have made every effort to ensure the quality of the database, we cannot guarantee the accuracy of these datasets. 4. The burden for determining fitness for use of the downloaded data for any analyses lies entirely with the user. OBIS-SEAMAP or the original data providers do not support outcomes of your analyses that used the data you downloaded from OBIS-SEAMAP. 5. To consider inclusion of the accompanying transect (effort) dataset if available into the methodology of your analyses. 6. Not to redistribute the data you downloaded from OBIS-SEAMAP through any media without contect from OBIS-SEAMAP and the original data providers unless the datasets are explicitly shown under the CC0 policy. Caroline FoxDalhousie University mailing and physical address HalifaxNSCanada unknowncarolinehfox@gmail.com Relational database Caroline Fox, Dalhousie University and Raincoast Conservation FoundationFox, CH, Huettmann, F, Harvey, GKA, Morgan, KH, Robinson, J, Williams, R, Paquet, PC2017vector digital dataMarine Ecology Progress Series566:199-216http://www.int-res.com/articles/meps_oa/m566p199.pdfFox, C2016Version 1.0.0vector digital dataOBIS-SEAMAP1458https://seamap.env.duke.edu/dataset/1458OBIS-SEAMAPhttps://doi.org/10.82144/c8568addHalpin, P.N., A.J. Read, E. Fujioka, B.D. Best, B. Donnelly, L.J. Hazen, C. Kot, K. Urian, E. LaBrecque, A. Dimatteo, J. Cleary, C. Good, L.B. Crowder, and K.D. Hyrenbach2009Oceanography22(2):104-115 All attributes were measured and recorded during the survey and validated by the data provider. Permissible values for date and time and coordinates were validated by the data provider and the OBIS-SEAMAP data manager. Species identification by the data provider was matched with Integrated Taxonomic Information System. All observation records are included.Data were put through the OBIS-SEAMAP data registration steps.20260428Point 1e-061e-06Decimal degrees D_WGS_1984WGS_1984 6378137.000000298.257224 Biogeographic dataBiogeographic dataNot applicableoidUnique ID number (generated by OBIS-SEAMAP)Data providerUnique ID number (generated by OBIS-SEAMAP)fidInternal Field IDData providerInternal Field IDobs_timeTime of the sighting (local time)Data provider00:00:0023:59:00obs_dateDate of the sightingData provider2005-08-052008-08-29gmttimeGMT time (hour:min:sec)Data provider00:00:0023:59:00gmtdateGMT date (year-month-day)Data provider2005-08-052008-08-29yearYearData provider20052008sighting_ncode for sighting numberData provider119131sp_obsSpecies name recordedData providerSpecies name recordedsp_tsnITIS Taxonomic Serial Number added by OBIS-SEAMAPData providerTaxonomic Serial NumberIntegrated Taxonomic Information Systemdistanceestimated distance (m) at which bird group was sighted from boatData provider03600angleestimated angle (degrees) at which bird group was sightedData provider0180side"S" or "P" = Starboard or Port, respectivelyData provider"S" or "P" = Starboard or Port, respectivelyobs_countgroup size or number of individuals in the groupData provider01000cue"S" or "W" = in flight or on water, respectivelyData provider"S" or "W" = in flight or on water, respectivelyvoyageOn planned transect (T) or on passage (P), which are unplanned transectsData providerOn planned transect (T) or on passage (P), which are unplanned transectsseastatecode for observed seastate (values = 0 - 5)Data provider05sightabiliSightability (values = 1 - 5)Data provider15swellswell height (values = 0 - 8)Data provider0.008.00weatherweather conditions (FA = fair, S = sunny, R = rain etc.)Data providerweather conditions (FA = fair, S = sunny, R = rain etc.)cloudcoverpercentage cloudcoverData provider08040segidunique line transect segment IDData provider36254speedvessel speed (knts)Data provider0.0012.50observerInitials of bird observerData providerInitials of bird observerlongitudeLongitude in decimal degreesData provider-133.0748440-126.7757190latitudeLatitude in decimal degreesData provider50.558937054.7115330perpdistPerpendicular distance (m) of bird group sightedData provider0.00000001999.9993660day_yrday of the year, with January 1 = 1Data provider97324moMonth, numeric (1-12)Data provider411geomGeometry field added by OBIS-SEAMAPData providerGeometry field added by OBIS-SEAMAPThis section explains attributes included in the original dataset. OBIS-SEAMAP restricts the attributes available to the public to date/time, lat/lon and species names/counts only. Should you need other attributes described here, you are encouraged to contact the data provider.Caroline Fox, Dalhousie University and Raincoast Conservation Foundation Nicholas School of Environment, Duke Univ. OBIS-SEAMAP mailing and physical address

A328, LSRC

DurhamNC27708USA 919-613-8021 seamap-contact@duke.edu OBIS-SEAMAP Dataset ID 1458Not to hold OBIS-SEAMAP liable for errors in the data. While we have made every effort to ensure the quality of the database, we cannot guarantee the accuracy of these datasets. Also please refer to Use Constraints. CSV and ESRI shapefile OBIS-SEAMAP Free Go to the OBIS-SEAMAP web site. 2026042820260428 Ei Fujioka Nicholas School, Duke Universitymailing and physical address

A328, LSRC

DurhamNC27708USA 919-613-8021 seamap-contact@duke.edu FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial MetadataFGDC-STD-001-1998local time http://www.nbii.gov/Biological Data Profile