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    <alternateIdentifier>https://seamap.env.duke.edu/dataset/911</alternateIdentifier>
    <alternateIdentifier>https://www.gbif.org/dataset/07828046-08d0-4c79-88e1-c49e78f835a5</alternateIdentifier>
    <alternateIdentifier>https://obis.org/dataset/c862cc27-2df1-452f-96b7-b338f5511489</alternateIdentifier>
    <title xml:lang="eng">BOEM Sperm Whale Seismic Study (SWSS) MPS cetacean sightings 2002-2004</title>
    <creator>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Deborah</givenName>
        <surName>Epperson</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement</organizationName>
      <positionName>Primary contact</positionName>
      <electronicMailAddress>Deborah.Epperson@bsee.gov</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl/>
    </creator>
    <metadataProvider>
      <individualName>
        <surName>OBIS-SEAMAP</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab, Duke University</organizationName>
      <positionName/>
      <address>
        <deliveryPoint>A328 LSRC building</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Durham</city>
        <administrativeArea>NC</administrativeArea>
        <postalCode>27708</postalCode>
        <country>US</country>
      </address>
      <electronicMailAddress>seamap-contact@duke.edu</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl>https://seamap.env.duke.edu</onlineUrl>
    </metadataProvider>
    <associatedParty>
      <individualName>
        <surName>OBIS-SEAMAP</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab, Duke University</organizationName>
      <positionName/>
      <address>
        <deliveryPoint>A328 LSRC building</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Durham</city>
        <administrativeArea>NC</administrativeArea>
        <postalCode>27708</postalCode>
        <country>US</country>
      </address>
      <electronicMailAddress>seamap-contact@duke.edu</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl>https://seamap.env.duke.edu</onlineUrl>
      <role>distributor</role>
    </associatedParty>
    <associatedParty>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Deborah</givenName>
        <surName>Epperson</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement</organizationName>
      <positionName>Primary contact</positionName>
      <electronicMailAddress>Deborah.Epperson@bsee.gov</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl/>
      <role>owner</role>
    </associatedParty>
    <pubDate>2025-07-31</pubDate>
    <language>eng</language>
    <abstract>
      <para>Original provider:
Bureau of Ocean Energy Management

Dataset credits:
Texas A&amp;M University
Oregon State University
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Texas A&amp;M University-Galveston
University of Colorado
University of Durham
University of Saint Andrews
University of South Florida
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

Abstract:
Sperm Whale Seismic Study (SWSS) was a multi-institutional, interdisciplinary research project supported by the then Minerals Management Service (MMS; now Bureau of Ocean Energy Management - BOEM) under Cooperative Agreement 1435-01-02-CA-85186 for Cooperative Research on Sperm Whales and their Response to Seismic Exploration in the Gulf of Mexico through the Texas A&amp;M Research Foundation.

The objectives of SWSS were to
(1) establish baseline information on the biology and behavior of sperm whales in the northern Gulf of Mexico,
(2) characterize sperm whale habitat use in the northern Gulf of Mexico, and
(3) determine possible changes in behavior of sperm whales when subjected to manmade noise, particularly from seismic airgun arrays used for offshore oil and gas exploration and geological monitoring.
</para>
    </abstract>
    <keywordSet>
      <keyword>Occurrence</keyword>
      <keywordThesaurus>GBIF Dataset Type Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_type.xml</keywordThesaurus>
    </keywordSet>
    <keywordSet>
      <keyword>Observation</keyword>
      <keywordThesaurus>GBIF Dataset Subtype Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_subtype.xml</keywordThesaurus>
    </keywordSet>
    <keywordSet>
      <keyword>Marine Biology</keyword>
      <keyword>Visual sighting</keyword>
      <keyword>Vessels</keyword>
      <keyword>Sightings</keyword>
      <keywordThesaurus>N/A</keywordThesaurus>
    </keywordSet>
    <additionalInfo>
      <!-- Added for IPT2.3 on 2016-02-29. This field should include words "marine, harvested by iOBIS" for IPT -->
      <para>This dataset contains cetacean sightings (other than sperm whales) observed in PHOTO-ID/Mesoscale Population Study Cruises 2004 and 2005.

Sperm whale visual tracking data are found in &lt;a href='/dataset/912'&gt;BOEM Sperm Whale Seismic Study (SWSS) MPS sperm whale trackings 2004-2005&lt;/a&gt; which is also accompanied with effort data.</para>
    </additionalInfo>
    <intellectualRights>
      <!-- Added for IPT2.3 on 2015-11-18 . TextType -->
      <para>This work is licensed under a <ulink url="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"><citetitle>Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License</citetitle></ulink>.</para>
    </intellectualRights>
    <distribution scope="document">
      <online>
        <url function="information">https://seamap.env.duke.edu/dataset/911</url>
      </online>
    </distribution>
    <coverage>
      <geographicCoverage>
        <geographicDescription>Oceans,Gulf of Mexico</geographicDescription>
        <boundingCoordinates>
          <westBoundingCoordinate>-92.99</westBoundingCoordinate>
          <eastBoundingCoordinate>-85.58</eastBoundingCoordinate>
          <northBoundingCoordinate>29.51</northBoundingCoordinate>
          <southBoundingCoordinate>26.84</southBoundingCoordinate>
        </boundingCoordinates>
      </geographicCoverage>
      <temporalCoverage>
        <rangeOfDates>
          <beginDate>
            <calendarDate>2004-06-22</calendarDate>
          </beginDate>
          <endDate>
            <calendarDate>2005-08-02</calendarDate>
          </endDate>
        </rangeOfDates>
      </temporalCoverage>
      <taxonomicCoverage>
        <generalTaxonomicCoverage>Scientific names are based on the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).</generalTaxonomicCoverage>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>family</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Delphinidae</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Dolphins</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Globicephala macrorhynchus</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Short-finned pilot whale</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Grampus griseus</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Risso's dolphin</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>genus</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Kogia</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Pygmy sperm whales</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Peponocephala electra</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Melon-headed whale</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Pseudorca crassidens</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>False killer whale</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Stenella attenuata</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Pantropical spotted dolphin</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Stenella clymene</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Clymene dolphin</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Steno bredanensis</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Rough-toothed dolphin</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Tursiops truncatus</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Common bottlenose dolphin</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Ziphius cavirostris</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Cuvier's beaked whale</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
      </taxonomicCoverage>
    </coverage>
    <purpose>
      <para/>
    </purpose>
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Available options for maintenanceUpdateFrequency
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-->
    <maintenance>
      <description>
        <para/>
      </description>
      <maintenanceUpdateFrequency>notPlanned</maintenanceUpdateFrequency>
    </maintenance>
    <contact>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Deborah</givenName>
        <surName>Epperson</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement</organizationName>
      <positionName>Primary contact</positionName>
      <electronicMailAddress>Deborah.Epperson@bsee.gov</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl/>
    </contact>
    <methods>
      <methodStep>
        <description>
          <para>NA</para>
        </description>
      </methodStep>
      <sampling>
        <studyExtent>
          <description>
            <para>NA</para>
          </description>
        </studyExtent>
        <samplingDescription>
          <para>NA</para>
        </samplingDescription>
      </sampling>
    </methods>
    <project>
      <title>BOEM Sperm Whale Seismic Study (SWSS) MPS cetacean sightings 2002-2004</title>
      <personnel>
        <individualName>
          <givenName>Deborah</givenName>
          <surName>Epperson</surName>
        </individualName>
        <role>owner</role>
      </personnel>
      <funding>
        <para>NA</para>
      </funding>
      <studyAreaDescription>
        <descriptor name="generic" citableClassificationSystem="false">
          <descriptorValue/>
        </descriptor>
      </studyAreaDescription>
      <designDescription>
        <description>
          <para/>
        </description>
      </designDescription>
    </project>
    <shortName>zd_911</shortName>
  </dataset>
  <additionalMetadata>
    <metadata>
      <gbif>
        <dateStamp>2025-07-31T16:05:18-04:00</dateStamp>
        <hierarchyLevel>dataset</hierarchyLevel>
        <citation identifier="https://doi.org/10.82144/2ccf4dac">Epperson, D. 2013. BOEM Sperm Whale Seismic Study (SWSS) MPS cetacean sightings 2002-2004. Version 1.0.0. Dataset published in OBIS-SEAMAP. https://doi.org/10.82144/2ccf4dac.</citation>
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              <formatName>Interactive map</formatName>
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              <url function="download">https://seamap.env.duke.edu/dataset/911</url>
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        <physical>
          <objectName>FGDC Metadata</objectName>
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              <url function="download">https://seamap.env.duke.edu/dataset/911/fgdc</url>
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        <collection>
          <parentCollectionIdentifier>OBIS-SEAMAP</parentCollectionIdentifier>
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        <bibliography>
          <citation identifier="http://seamap.env.duke.edu/downloads/resources/zd_810_2008-006.pdf">Jochens, A., D. Biggs, K. Benoit-Bird, D. Engelhaupt, J. Gordon, C. Hu, N. Jaquet, M. Johnson, R. Leben, B. Mate, P. Miller, J. Ortega-Ortiz, A. Thode, P. Tyack, and B. W&#xFC;rsig. 2008. Sperm whale seismic study in the Gulf of Mexico: Synthesis report. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Gulf of Mexico OCS Region, New Orleans, LA: OCS Study MMS 2008-006. 341 pp.</citation>
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